修建沼气池应注意的问题

Problems needing attention in the construction of biogas digester

1、选址：沼气池选择在什麼地位，是保证建池质量的重要环节。地址应选择在土质坚实，地下水位较低，土层底部没有地道、地窖、渗井、泉眼、虚土等隐患之处，背风朝阳，远离树木，可以与猪圈、厕所连成一体，进出、料方便的中央。条件允许的状况下，沼气池好建在猪舍上面，既有利于夏季保温，又有利于建“三位一体”沼气池。

1. Site selection: What is the status of biogas digester selection, which is an important link to ensure the quality of the digester construction. Address should be in a solid soil, low groundwater level, no tunnels, cellars, seepage wells, springs, virtual soil and other hidden dangers at the bottom of the soil, leeward sunrise, away from trees, can be integrated with pigsty, toilets, access, material convenient center. Under permissible conditions, the biogas digester should be built on pigsty, which is not only conducive to heat preservation in summer, but also conducive to the construction of "trinity" biogas digester.

2、池型的选择：依据几何学的原理，同体积的几何外形，以球体的外表积小，而容积大。圆形沼气池肚大口小，没有死角，用料省，容易处理漏水、漏气成绩，并且各处接受压力较平均，是目前普遍推行的池型。

2. Choice of pool type: According to the principle of geometry, the sphere has the smallest surface area and the largest volume. The circular biogas digester has a large stomach, no dead angle, the most economical material, easy to deal with leaking water and air, and the average acceptance pressure everywhere. It is the most popular type of digester at present.

3、沼气池的组成与结构：沼气池由进料口(包括进料管)、发酵池(包括储气室)、水压间(包括出料口)、活动盖和导气管组成。其形式有“三位一体”、“四位一体”。“三位一体”即：畜禽舍—沼气池—厕所;“四位一体”即：畜禽舍—沼气池—厕所—温室大棚。

3. Composition and structure of biogas digester: biogas digester is composed of feeding port (including feeding pipe), fermentation tank (including gas storage chamber), water pressure room (including outlet), movable cover and air guide pipe. Its forms are "three in one" and "four in one". "Three in one" means livestock and poultry house - biogas digester - toilet; and "four in one" means livestock and poultry house - biogas digester - toilet - greenhouse shed.

4、池容的设计：沼气池的大小应依据人口的多少和每天用气量、产气率来决议，普通每立方米无效容积一昼夜产气在0.15立方米，每人每天用气量爲0.2—0.3立方米，沼气灯每小时用沼气0.11--0.15立方米，普通按每人1.5立方米无效容积规划，人口多的户普通不超越10立方米。在挖池放线时，其直径应在规划的根底上加上20厘米的池壁厚度，例如：10立方米沼气池其直径放线应爲3米，深2.3米。

4. Design of biogas pool capacity: The size of biogas pool should be determined according to the size of population, daily gas consumption and gas production rate. The invalid volume per cubic meter is 0.15 cubic meters per day and night. The gas consumption per person is 0.2-0.3 cubic meters per day. The biogas lamp is 0.11-0.15 cubic meters per hour. The invalid volume per person is generally planned according to 1.5 cubic meters per person. The households with large population do not exceed 10 li. Square meters. When the digging pool is laid out, the diameter of digging pool should be added to the planned foundation with 20 cm wall thickness. For example, the diameter of 10 cubic meters biogas pool should be 3 meters, and the depth of the digging pool should be 2.3 meters.

5、沼气池各部位的设置：发酵间和储气室是沼气池的主体。它们以发酵料液的液面爲界，下部爲发酵间，上部爲储气室。发酵间是贮存发酵原料、发生沼气、积肥造肥和杀灭寄生虫卵的场所。它的两侧与进料口(进料管)、出料口(水压间)相通。当发酵间内发生的沼气溢动身酵液面后，即贮存于储气室内，故储气室是沼气聚集的场所，它的上部设有导气管和活动盖。设置活动盖的作用，一是可以保证沼气池次装满发酵原料，二是爲当前维修、破壳打根底。活动盖有水泥盖和铁盖两种。水泥活动盖设置在储气室的顶部，呈瓶塞状，上大下小。其尺寸：混凝土浇筑天窗口直径爲50—55厘米，高度爲15—20厘米，活动盖厚度爲12—13厘米。养水圈直径爲60—65厘米，高度爲25—30厘米。铁活动盖：要求铁天窗口直径爲35—50厘米，高度爲20—25厘米，四周出沿爲4—5厘米，打眼4—8个，铁板厚度在10毫米以上，铁盖板厚度爲10毫米以上，螺母18—20毫米。

5. Setting of each part of biogas digester: fermentation room and gas storage room are the main body of biogas digester. They are bounded by the liquid level of the fermentation broth, with the lower part as the fermentation room and the upper part as the gas storage chamber. Fermentation room is a place for storing fermentation raw materials, producing biogas, composting and killing parasite eggs. Its two sides are connected with the inlet and outlet (feed pipe) and the outlet (water pressure). When the methane overflows from the fermentation room to the fermentation liquid level, it is stored in the gas storage chamber, so the gas storage chamber is the place where the methane gathers, and its upper part is equipped with a guide pipe and a movable cover. The function of the movable cover is to ensure that the biogas digester is filled with fermentation raw materials for the first time, and to lay a foundation for current maintenance and shell breaking. There are two kinds of movable cover: cement cover and iron cover. The cement movable cap is arranged at the top of the gas storage chamber, which is in the shape of a bottle plug, with large top and small bottom. Its size: the diameter of concrete pouring skylight is 50 - 55 cm, the height is 15 - 20 cm, and the thickness of movable cover is 12 - 13 cm. The diameter and height of the aquaculture circle are 60-65 cm and 25-30 cm respectively. Iron movable cover: The diameter of the window is 35-50 cm, the height is 20-25 cm, the circumferential edge is 4-5 cm, the hole is 4-8 cm, the thickness of the iron plate is more than 10 mm, the thickness of the iron cover plate is more than 10 mm, and the nut is 18-20 mm.

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