Today's review, as you can see, is a summary of the latest developments in sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Compared with SRB, sob uses reduced sulfur as electron donor. According to its energy and growth conditions, sob can be divided into two types: photosulfur bacteria and chemoautotrophic colorless sulfur bacteria.

　　光能SOB的特点是硫基厌氧光合作用。在厌氧条件下，它们利用光能从还原性硫化合物中获得电子和氢，并固定无机碳以促进细胞生长。根据颜色等表型特征，主要分为绿色硫细菌(GSB)和紫色硫细菌(PSB)。

　　Photoenergy sob is characterized by sulfur based anaerobic photosynthesis. Under anaerobic conditions, they use light energy to obtain electrons and hydrogen from reductive sulfur compounds, and fix inorganic carbon to promote cell growth. According to the phenotypic characteristics of color, they are mainly divided into green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and purple sulfur bacteria (PSB).

　　这些细菌通常栖息在含还原性硫化物和透光的水生环境中的缺氧层，或在潮上带盐滩和沼泽中。所有的GSB都是严格的厌氧和光合自养生物。光合自养生物、异养生物和有机碳源的兼性更强。因此，在城市污水有机负荷较高的情况下，PSB将超过GSB。但它们都是通过捕获吸收光的物质如细菌叶绿素和类胡萝卜素来获得颜色，并获得ATP。

　　These bacteria usually inhabit the anoxic layer in the aquatic environment with reductive sulfide and light transmittance, or in the salt marshes and marshes of the supratidal zone. All GSBS are strictly anaerobic and photosynthetic autotrophs. Photosynthetic autotrophs, heterotrophies and organic carbon sources are more facultative. Therefore, PSB will exceed GSB when organic load of urban sewage is high. But they all get color and ATP by capturing light absorbing substances such as bacterial chlorophyll and carotenoids.

　　除了GSB和PSB，一些光养菌不利用硫氧化进行代谢，但也能在一定程度上进行硫氧化，如蓝藻(又称蓝藻)。近年来的研究发现，它可以在厌氧和含氧光合作用之间进行切换，这些特性也有利于其在污水处理中的应用。

　　In addition to GSB and PSB, some phototrophic bacteria do not use sulfur oxidation for metabolism, but also can carry out sulfur oxidation to a certain extent, such as cyanobacteria (also known as cyanobacteria). In recent years, it has been found that it can switch between anaerobic and aerobic photosynthesis, and these characteristics are also conducive to its application in wastewater treatment.

　　化学硫氧化细菌通常被称为无色硫细菌。它们可以在没有光的情况下将几乎所有的还原硫化物氧化到电子受体，甚至一些有机硫化合物。具体可分为严格化学无机自养型、兼性化学无机自养型、化学无机异养型和化学有机异养型四种类型。它的电子受体可以是氧、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐氮。大多数自养反硝化sobs是兼性好氧细菌，它们可以同时利用氧和氧氮化合物作为电子受体。

　　Chemical sulfur oxidizing bacteria are usually called colorless sulfur bacteria. They can oxidize almost all reducing sulfides to electron acceptors or even some organic sulfur compounds without light. It can be divided into four types: strict chemical inorganic autotrophic type, facultative chemical inorganic autotrophic type, chemical inorganic heterotrophic type and chemical organic heterotrophic type. Its electron acceptors can be oxygen, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen. Most autotrophic denitrifying sobs are facultative aerobic bacteria, which can utilize oxygen and nitrogen compounds as electron acceptors at the same time.